On November 3, the “Suggestions of the CPC Central Committee on Formulating the 14th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development and the Long-Range Objectives for 2035” were released. The document comprises 60 recommendations, with the key points regarding new-energy planning summarized as follows:

1. Develop strategic emerging industries. Accelerate the growth and strengthening of next-generation information technology, biotechnology, new energy, new materials, high-end equipment, new-energy vehicles, green and environmentally friendly industries, as well as aerospace and marine equipment. Promote deep integration of the Internet, big data, artificial intelligence, and other technologies with various industries; foster the development of advanced manufacturing clusters; establish a number of strategic emerging-industry growth engines that are distinctive, mutually complementary, and structurally sound; and cultivate new technologies, new products, new business forms, and new models. Promote the healthy development of the platform economy and the sharing economy. Encourage corporate mergers and reorganizations, and prevent low-level redundant investment and construction.

2. Promote infrastructure development in a coordinated and integrated manner. Build a modern infrastructure system that is systematic and comprehensive, efficient and practical, smart and green, and safe and reliable. Strategically plan and deploy new types of infrastructure, and accelerate the development of fifth-generation mobile communications, the industrial internet, and big-data centers. Speed up efforts to build a transportation powerhouse by improving major integrated transport corridors, comprehensive transport hubs, and logistics networks; expedite the networking of rail transit systems in city clusters and metropolitan areas; and enhance transport accessibility in rural and border regions. Advance the energy revolution by improving the energy production–supply–storage–sales system, strengthening domestic oil and gas exploration and development, accelerating the construction of oil and gas storage facilities, speeding up the development of national trunk oil and gas pipelines, building smart energy systems, optimizing the layout of power generation and transmission channels, enhancing the capacity to absorb and store new energy, and improving power transmission and distribution capabilities to remote areas. Strengthen water-resources infrastructure to improve the optimal allocation of water resources and enhance resilience against water and drought disasters.

3. Accelerate the promotion of green and low-carbon development. Strengthen land and space planning and use control, implement spatial control boundaries for ecological conservation, basic farmland, urban development, and other purposes, and reduce the encroachment of human activities on natural spaces. Enhance legal and policy safeguards for green development, develop green finance, support innovation in green technologies, promote clean production, foster the environmental protection industry, and advance the green transformation of key industries and critical sectors. Promote the clean, low-carbon, safe, and efficient use of energy. Develop green buildings. Launch initiatives to promote a green lifestyle. Reduce carbon intensity, support regions that are well-positioned to reach peak carbon emissions ahead of others, and formulate an action plan for peaking carbon emissions by 2030.

Full text attached:

Suggestions of the CPC Central Committee on Formulating the 14th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development and the Long-Range Objectives for 2035

(Adopted at the Fifth Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on October 29, 2020)

The 14th Five-Year Plan period marks the first five-year span during which, having comprehensively built a moderately prosperous society and achieved the First Centenary Goal, China will build on this momentum to embark on a new journey toward fully building a modern socialist country and advance toward the Second Centenary Goal. The Fifth Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China conducted an in-depth analysis of the international and domestic situation and put forward the following recommendations for formulating the 14th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development and the Long-Range Objectives for 2035.

I. Fully Building a Moderately Prosperous Society and Embarking on a New Journey of Fully Building a Modern Socialist Country

1. Decisive achievements have been made in securing a complete victory in building a moderately prosperous society in all respects. The 13th Five-Year Plan period marked the final stage of this endeavor. Despite a complex and volatile international environment, daunting domestic tasks related to reform, development, and stability—particularly the severe impact of the COVID-19 pandemic—the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has remained true to its original aspiration and mission, united and led the whole Party and all Chinese people in forging ahead with determination and innovation, and energetically advancing all undertakings of the Party and the country. Major breakthroughs were achieved in comprehensively deepening reform; significant progress was made in governing the country according to law; and major results were attained in exercising full and rigorous self-governance over the Party. The modernization of China’s governance system and governance capacity was accelerated, further highlighting the leadership of the Communist Party of China and the strengths of China’s socialist system. Economic strength, scientific and technological prowess, and overall national strength all reached new heights; the economy operated generally steadily, and its structure continued to improve; it is estimated that China’s GDP will surpass RMB 100 trillion in 2020. Remarkable achievements have been made in poverty alleviation, with 55.75 million rural residents lifted out of poverty. Grain output has remained stable at over 650 million metric tons for five consecutive years. Efforts to prevent and control pollution have been intensified, leading to a marked improvement in the ecological environment. Opening-up to the outside world has continued to expand, yielding abundant results from joint efforts to build the Belt and Road Initiative. People’s living standards have risen significantly; higher education has entered a stage of universal access; more than 60 million new urban jobs have been created; the world’s largest social security system has been established, with basic medical insurance covering over 1.3 billion people and basic old-age insurance covering nearly 1 billion; and major strategic achievements have been made in COVID-19 prevention and control. Cultural undertakings and the cultural industry have flourished. The level of national defense and military development has been greatly enhanced, and the organizational structure of the armed forces has undergone major transformation. National security has been comprehensively strengthened, and society has remained harmonious and stable. The goals and tasks set forth in the 13th Five-Year Plan are on the verge of being accomplished, and a complete victory in building a moderately prosperous society in all respects is within reach. The great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation has taken another major step forward, and socialist China now stands in the East of the world in an even more majestic posture. All Party members and all Chinese people must redouble their efforts and maintain their momentum to ensure that the battle against poverty is won on schedule, that a moderately prosperous society in all respects is built as planned, and that the First Centenary Goal is achieved, thereby laying a solid foundation for embarking on a new journey of fully building a modern socialist country.

2. China’s development environment is undergoing profound and complex changes. At present and in the period ahead, China’s development remains in an important strategic period of opportunity; however, both the opportunities and the challenges are evolving in new ways. The world today is undergoing a transformation of a magnitude unseen in a century, with a new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation deepening, profound adjustments in the global balance of power, and peace and development continuing to be the defining themes of our times. The vision of a community with a shared future for mankind has taken deep root in the hearts of people. At the same time, the international environment is becoming increasingly complex, with marked increases in instability and uncertainty; the COVID-19 pandemic has had broad and far-reaching impacts; economic globalization is facing headwinds; the world has entered a period of turbulence and change; and unilateralism, protectionism, and hegemonism pose threats to world peace and development. China has now shifted to a stage of high-quality development, characterized by distinct institutional strengths, enhanced governance effectiveness, long-term economic soundness, a solid material foundation, abundant human resources, vast market potential, strong resilience, and overall social stability. These factors provide multiple advantages and favorable conditions for continued development. Nevertheless, imbalances and inadequacies in China’s development remain prominent; reform tasks in key areas and critical links continue to be daunting; innovation capacity does not yet meet the requirements of high-quality development; the agricultural foundation remains fragile; significant disparities persist in development between urban and rural areas and among regions, as well as in income distribution; ecological and environmental protection remains a formidable challenge; shortcomings exist in ensuring people’s livelihoods; and weaknesses persist in social governance. The entire Party must adopt a holistic approach that integrates the strategic overall plan for the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation with the unprecedented global transformation unfolding over the past century, deeply understand the new characteristics and new demands arising from the changing principal contradiction in Chinese society, and thoroughly recognize the new contradictions and new challenges posed by the intricate and complex international environment. We must strengthen our awareness of both opportunities and risks, ground ourselves in the basic national conditions of the primary stage of socialism, maintain strategic composure, focus on doing our own work well, gain a clear understanding of and adhere to the laws of development, carry forward the spirit of struggle, adopt a bottom-line mindset, accurately discern changes, respond to them in a scientific manner, and proactively seek change. We must be adept at seizing opportunities amid crises and creating new prospects amid changing circumstances, thereby capitalizing on opportunities, meeting challenges, maximizing benefits while avoiding harm, and forging ahead with courage and determination.

3. By 2035, the vision of basically achieving socialist modernization will be realized. The 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China outlined a two-stage strategic plan for achieving the Second Centenary Goal: by 2035, socialist modernization will be basically achieved; and by the middle of this century, China will be built into a great modern socialist country that is prosperous, strong, democratic, culturally advanced, harmonious, and beautiful. Looking ahead to 2035, China’s economic strength, scientific and technological strength, and overall national strength will have risen substantially; total economic output and per capita income of both urban and rural residents will reach new major milestones; major breakthroughs will be made in critical core technologies, placing China among the leading innovative nations; new industrialization, informatization, urbanization, and agricultural modernization will be basically achieved, and a modernized economic system will be put in place; the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity will be basically accomplished, with the people’s rights to equal participation and equal development fully guaranteed, and a country under the rule of law—comprising a law-based government and a law-based society—will be essentially established; a country strong in culture, education, talent, sports, and health will be built, raising the quality of the citizenry and the level of social civility to new heights and significantly enhancing the nation’s cultural soft power; green modes of production and living will be widely adopted, carbon emissions will peak and then steadily decline, the ecological environment will undergo fundamental improvement, and the goal of building a Beautiful China will be basically achieved; a new pattern of opening-up will take shape, with markedly enhanced advantages in participating in international economic cooperation and competition; per capita GDP will reach the level of moderately developed countries, the middle-income group will expand substantially, basic public services will be made equally accessible, and the gaps in development between urban and rural areas and among regions, as well as the disparities in living standards, will be significantly narrowed; the building of a Peaceful China will reach a higher level, and the modernization of national defense and the armed forces will be basically achieved; people’s lives will be even better, and more tangible and substantive progress will be made in the all-round development of individuals and in the common prosperity of all the people.

II. Guiding Principles and Main Objectives for Economic and Social Development during the 14th Five-Year Plan Period

4. Guiding Principles for Economic and Social Development during the 14th Five-Year Plan Period. Hold high the great banner of socialism with Chinese characteristics; thoroughly implement the spirit of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China and the Second, Third, Fourth, and Fifth Plenary Sessions of the 19th Central Committee; adhere to Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought, Deng Xiaoping Theory, the Important Thought of Three Represents, the Scientific Outlook on Development, and Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era as our guiding principles; comprehensively apply the Party’s basic theory, basic line, and basic policy; coordinate the overall layout of economic development, political development, cultural development, social development, and ecological civilization development; synergistically advance the strategic arrangement of building a modern socialist country in all respects, deepening reform across the board, governing the country according to law in all respects, and exercising full and rigorous self-governance of the Party; unswervingly implement the new development philosophy of innovation, coordination, green development, openness, and shared benefits; uphold the general principle of seeking progress while maintaining stability; take promoting high-quality development as the central theme; regard deepening supply-side structural reform as the main thread; harness reform and innovation as the fundamental driving force; and aim to meet the people’s ever-growing needs for a better life as the ultimate goal. We will balance development and security, accelerate the building of a modernized economic system, speed up the establishment of a new development pattern featuring domestic circulation as the mainstay and mutual promotion between domestic and international circulations, advance the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity, ensure steady and sustainable economic performance and social stability and harmony, and thus make a good start and set a strong foundation for the comprehensive construction of a modern socialist country.

5. Principles that must be followed in economic and social development during the 14th Five-Year Plan period.

— Uphold the Party’s overall leadership. Consolidate and improve the systems and mechanisms for the Party’s leadership over economic and social development, and further refine the system of socialism with Chinese characteristics. Continuously enhance our ability and level in implementing the new development philosophy and fostering a new development pattern, thereby providing the fundamental guarantee for achieving high-quality development.

— Upholding a people-centered approach. Respecting the people’s status as masters of the country and staying committed to the goal of common prosperity, we will ensure that development is for the people, relies on the people, and its fruits are shared by the people; safeguard the fundamental interests of the people; stimulate the enthusiasm, initiative, and creativity of all the people; promote social equity; enhance people’s wellbeing; and continuously realize the people’s aspirations for a better life.

— Uphold the new development philosophy. Integrate the new development philosophy throughout the entire development process and across all sectors, foster a new development pattern, earnestly transform the mode of development, and promote transformations in quality, efficiency, and driving forces, so as to achieve development that is higher in quality, more efficient, more equitable, more sustainable, and safer.

— Uphold and deepen reform and opening up. Unswervingly advance reform and unswervingly expand opening up; strengthen the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity; remove institutional and mechanistic barriers that impede high-quality development and a high-quality life; reinforce major reform and opening-up initiatives that enhance resource allocation efficiency and mobilize the enthusiasm of the entire society; and continuously bolster the momentum and vitality of development.

— Uphold a systems-thinking approach. Strengthen forward-looking thinking, holistic planning, strategic deployment, and coordinated advancement; integrate domestic and international contexts; properly handle the two major tasks of development and security; adhere to a nationwide unified strategy; better harness the initiative of the central government, local authorities, and all sectors; focus on consolidating foundations, leveraging strengths, addressing weaknesses, and reinforcing weak links; emphasize the prevention and resolution of major risks and challenges; and achieve the integrated pursuit of high-quality, balanced, scalable, rapid, efficient, and secure development.

6. Main objectives for economic and social development during the 14th Five-Year Plan period. With the long-term vision for 2035 firmly in mind, and taking into account both domestic and international development trends as well as China’s own development conditions, we will adhere to a combination of goal-oriented and problem-oriented approaches, and uphold the unity of upholding fundamental principles and fostering innovation. Over the next five years, we will strive to achieve the following key objectives for economic and social development.

— New achievements have been made in economic development. Development is the foundation and key to addressing all of China’s challenges; it must be guided by the new development philosophy, ensuring sustained and healthy economic growth on the basis of markedly improved quality and efficiency, fully unleashing growth potential, strengthening the domestic market, further optimizing the economic structure, significantly enhancing innovation capacity, substantially elevating the sophistication of the industrial base and the modernization of industrial chains, consolidating the agricultural foundation, markedly improving the coordination of development between urban and rural areas as well as among regions, and making major progress in building a modernized economic system.

— New strides have been made in reform and opening up. The socialist market economy has been further improved, a high-standard market system has been basically established, market entities have become more dynamic, significant progress has been achieved in property rights reform and in the market-based allocation of production factors, the fair competition system has been further strengthened, and a new, higher-level open economic system has been essentially put in place.

—Social civility has reached a new high. Core socialist values have taken deep root in the hearts of the people, and their ideological and moral standards, scientific and cultural literacy, and physical and mental health have all improved markedly. The public cultural service system and the cultural industry system have been further refined, enriching the people’s spiritual and cultural lives; the influence of Chinese culture has continued to grow, and the cohesion of the Chinese nation has been further strengthened.

— New progress has been made in ecological civilization building. The pattern of land and space development and protection has been optimized; the green transformation of production and lifestyle has yielded significant results; energy resource allocation has become more rational, with substantial improvements in utilization efficiency; total emissions of major pollutants have continued to decline; the ecological environment has steadily improved; the ecological security barrier has grown stronger; and the living environments in both urban and rural areas have markedly improved.

— People’s wellbeing has reached a new level. More adequate and higher-quality employment has been achieved; growth in residents’ income has kept broadly in step with economic growth; the distribution structure has improved markedly; the equalization of basic public services has been significantly enhanced; the educational attainment of the entire population has continued to rise; the multi-tiered social security system has become more robust; the health-care system has been further improved; the achievements made in poverty alleviation have been consolidated and expanded; and the rural revitalization strategy has been comprehensively advanced.

— National governance effectiveness has been further enhanced. Socialist democracy and the rule of law have been further improved, social fairness and justice have been more fully realized, the national administrative system has been further refined, the role of the government has been better leveraged, administrative efficiency and public trust have risen markedly, the level of social governance, particularly at the grassroots level, has been significantly raised, the institutional mechanisms for preventing and defusing major risks have been continuously strengthened, emergency response capabilities for sudden public events have been substantially enhanced, the capacity to defend against natural disasters has been notably improved, safeguards for development have been made more robust, and major strides have been made in the modernization of national defense and the armed forces.

III. Upholding Innovation-Driven Development and Comprehensively Shaping New Development Advantages

Uphold innovation’s central role in China’s overall modernization drive, regard scientific and technological self-reliance and strength as a strategic pillar for national development, and focus on the forefront of global science and technology, the main battlefields of the economy, major national needs, and the health and well-being of the people. Deeply implement the strategies of rejuvenating China through science, education, and talent, and of innovation-driven development; improve the national innovation system; and accelerate the building of a science and technology powerhouse.

7. Strengthen China’s strategic scientific and technological capabilities. Formulate an Action Plan for Building a Science and Technology Power, improve the new national system under the conditions of the socialist market economy, wage tough battles to master critical core technologies, and enhance the overall effectiveness of the innovation chain. Intensify basic research and prioritize original innovation; optimize the layout of disciplines and R&D activities; promote interdisciplinary integration and convergence; and refine the system for providing common, foundational technologies. Focus on cutting-edge fields such as artificial intelligence, quantum information, integrated circuits, life and health, brain science, bio-breeding, aerospace technology, and deep-earth and deep-sea exploration, and launch a number of forward-looking, strategically significant national major science and technology projects. Develop and implement strategic scientific programs and engineering initiatives, and advance the optimal allocation of research resources and resource sharing among research institutes, universities, and enterprises. Push ahead with the establishment of national laboratories and restructure the national key laboratory system. Plan and build comprehensive national science centers and regional innovation hubs, and support Beijing, Shanghai, and the Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area in becoming international centers for scientific and technological innovation. Establish a high-end platform for the exchange of national research papers and scientific and technological information.

8. Enhancing Enterprises’ Capacity for Technological Innovation. Strengthen the central role of enterprises as the main innovators and facilitate the concentration of various innovation factors within enterprises. Promote deep integration among industry, academia, and research institutions; support enterprises in leading the establishment of innovation consortia and in undertaking major national science and technology projects. Give full play to the important role of entrepreneurs in technological innovation, encourage enterprises to increase R&D investment, and provide tax incentives for enterprises’ investments in basic research. Leverage the leading and supporting role of large enterprises, support innovative small, medium, and micro enterprises in growing into key sources of innovation, strengthen the development of common-technology platforms, and promote integrated innovation across the upstream, midstream, and downstream segments of industrial chains as well as among large, medium, and small enterprises.

9. Unleash the innovative vitality of talent. Uphold the principle of respecting labor, knowledge, talent, and creativity; deepen institutional and mechanism reforms for talent development; comprehensively cultivate, attract, and effectively utilize talent; foster a greater number of world-class scientific and technological leaders and innovation teams; and develop a robust pool of young scientific and technological talents who are internationally competitive. Improve the evaluation system for scientific and technological talent that is oriented toward innovation capability, quality, practical effectiveness, and contribution. Strengthen academic integrity and uphold scholarly ethics. Deepen reform of the academicians’ system. Enhance mechanisms for incentivizing and safeguarding innovation, establish a revenue-sharing mechanism that fully reflects the value of innovation-driven factors such as knowledge and technology, and refine the mechanism for sharing the rights and interests in inventions made by researchers in the course of their official duties. Intensify the cultivation of innovative, application-oriented, and skills-based talent; implement initiatives for knowledge updating and skills enhancement; and expand the ranks of high-level engineers and highly skilled personnel. Support the development of high-caliber research universities and strengthen the training of talent for basic research. Adopt a more open talent policy to create a premier hub for scientific research and innovation that attracts outstanding domestic and international talent.

10. Improve the systems and mechanisms for scientific and technological innovation. Deepen reform of the science and technology system, refine the national governance framework for science and technology, optimize the national science and technology planning system and its operational mechanisms, and promote integrated allocation of projects, research bases, talent, and funding in key areas. Reform the organization and management of science and technology projects by implementing mechanisms such as the “challenge-based recruitment” system. Enhance the science and technology evaluation mechanism and streamline science and technology award programs. Accelerate reform of research institutes and expand their autonomy in conducting research. Strengthen intellectual property protection and significantly improve the effectiveness of transferring and commercializing scientific and technological achievements. Increase investment in R&D, establish a sound mechanism featuring government funding as the mainstay supplemented by diverse social channels, and step up support for basic and cutting-edge research. Improve the financial support system for innovation to facilitate the industrialization and large-scale application of new technologies. Promote the spirit of science and the spirit of craftsmanship, strengthen public science communication, and foster a societal climate that values and embraces innovation. Enhance the ethical framework for science and technology. Advance open and cooperative engagement in science and technology, and explore the establishment of a globally oriented scientific research fund.

IV. Accelerate the development of a modern industrial system and promote the optimization and upgrading of the economic system

We will steadfastly focus on the real economy in our efforts to develop the economy, unswervingly work to build a manufacturing powerhouse, a quality powerhouse, a cyber powerhouse, and a digital China, advance the upgrading of industrial foundations and the modernization of industrial chains, and enhance the quality, efficiency, and core competitiveness of the economy.

11. Enhance the modernization of industrial and supply chains. Maintain the share of manufacturing at a broadly stable level and consolidate and strengthen the foundation of the real economy. Adhere to the principles of self-reliance, controllability, safety, and efficiency; develop strategic supply-chain plans and implement targeted policies on a sector-by-sector basis; and promote the optimization and upgrading of entire industrial chains. Strengthen the competitive advantages of industrial and supply chains by leveraging China’s scale advantages, complementary strengths, and first-mover advantages in certain fields, cultivate emerging industrial chains, drive the high-end, intelligent, and green transformation of traditional industries, and develop service-oriented manufacturing. Improve the national quality infrastructure, reinforce the development of standards, metrology, patent systems, and related capabilities, and carry out in-depth quality-improvement initiatives. Facilitate the orderly relocation of industries within the country, optimize the regional layout of industrial chains, and support the transformation and development of old industrial bases. Address weaknesses in industrial and supply chains by implementing projects to rebuild the industrial foundation, intensifying research and development on critical products and core technologies, developing advanced and applicable technologies, and promoting diversification of industrial and supply chains. Optimize the environment for the development of industrial and supply chains and strengthen factor support. Strengthen international cooperation on industrial security to build industrial and supply chains that are more innovative, deliver higher value-added, and are safer and more reliable.

12. Develop strategic emerging industries. Accelerate the growth and strengthening of next-generation information technology, biotechnology, new energy, new materials, high-end equipment, new-energy vehicles, green and environmentally friendly industries, as well as aerospace and marine equipment. Promote the deep integration of the Internet, big data, artificial intelligence, and other technologies with various industries; foster the development of advanced manufacturing clusters; establish a number of strategic emerging-industry growth engines that are distinctive, mutually complementary, and structurally sound; and cultivate new technologies, new products, new business forms, and new models. Promote the healthy development of the platform economy and the sharing economy. Encourage corporate mergers and reorganizations, and prevent low-level redundant investment and construction.

13. Accelerate the development of modern services. Extend producer services toward greater specialization and higher positions in the value chain; encourage all types of market entities to participate in service provision; expedite the development of R&D and design, modern logistics, legal services, and other service sectors; promote deep integration between modern services and advanced manufacturing and modern agriculture; and accelerate the digital transformation of the service sector. Promote the upgrading of consumer services toward higher quality and greater diversity; expedite the development of health, elderly care, childcare, culture, tourism, sports, domestic services, property management, and other service sectors; and strengthen the supply of public-benefit and basic services. Advance the standardization and branding of the service sector.

14. Promote infrastructure development in a coordinated and holistic manner. Build a modern infrastructure system that is systematic and comprehensive, efficient and practical, smart and green, and safe and reliable. Strategically plan and deploy new types of infrastructure, and accelerate the development of fifth-generation mobile communications, the industrial internet, and big-data centers. Speed up efforts to build a transportation powerhouse by improving major integrated transport corridors, comprehensive transport hubs, and logistics networks; expedite the networking of rail transit systems in city clusters and metropolitan areas; and enhance transport accessibility in rural and border regions. Advance the energy revolution by improving the energy production–supply–storage–sales system, strengthening domestic oil and gas exploration and development, accelerating the construction of oil and gas storage facilities, speeding up the development of national trunk oil and gas pipelines, building smart energy systems, optimizing the layout of power generation and transmission channels, enhancing the capacity to absorb and store new energy, and improving power transmission and distribution capabilities to remote areas. Strengthen water-resources infrastructure to improve the optimal allocation of water resources and enhance resilience against water and drought disasters.

15. Accelerate digital development. Develop the digital economy, promote the industrialization of digital technologies and the digital transformation of industries, foster deep integration between the digital economy and the real economy, and build internationally competitive digital industry clusters. Strengthen the development of a digital society and a digital government, and enhance the digitalization and intelligentization of public services and social governance. Establish fundamental systems and standard specifications for data resource property rights, trading and circulation, cross-border transfer, and security protection, and advance the development and utilization of data resources. Expand the orderly opening of basic public information data and build a national unified platform for data sharing and openness. Safeguard national data security and strengthen the protection of personal information. Enhance digital skills across the population and achieve full coverage of information services. Actively participate in the formulation of international rules and standards in the digital field.

V. Foster a Strong Domestic Market and Establish a New Development Paradigm

Uphold expanding domestic demand as the strategic cornerstone, accelerate the development of a comprehensive domestic demand system, and seamlessly integrate the implementation of the strategy to expand domestic demand with the deepening of supply-side structural reform, leveraging innovation-driven, high-quality supply to lead and create new demand.

16. Ensure the smooth operation of the domestic economic loop. Relying on the robust domestic market, we will seamlessly connect the production, distribution, circulation, and consumption stages; dismantle industry monopolies and local protectionism; and foster a virtuous cycle in the national economy. We will optimize the supply structure, enhance the quality of supply, and improve the supply system’s alignment with domestic demand. We will promote balanced development between the financial and real estate sectors and the real economy, ensure effective linkages across upstream and downstream activities as well as among production, supply, and sales, and foster coordinated relationships among agricultural, manufacturing, service, energy, and resource industries. We will remove institutional and mechanistic barriers that impede the market-based allocation of production factors and the flow of goods and services, thereby reducing overall transaction costs across society. We will refine the policy support framework for expanding domestic demand, so as to achieve a higher-level dynamic equilibrium in which demand drives supply and supply, in turn, creates new demand.

17. Promote the dual circulation of domestic and international markets. Grounded in the domestic major circulation, leverage comparative advantages, and coordinate efforts to build a robust domestic market and a trading powerhouse. Use the domestic major circulation to attract global resources and factors of production, fully harness both domestic and international markets and resources, and actively promote the coordinated development of domestic and foreign demand, imports and exports, and inbound and outbound investment, so as to achieve basic balance in the international balance of payments. Improve the integrated regulatory system for domestic and foreign trade, ensure seamless alignment among domestic and foreign trade laws and regulations, regulatory frameworks, business qualifications, quality standards, inspection and quarantine procedures, and certification and accreditation systems, and advance the “same line, same standard, same quality” approach. Optimize the layout of domestic and international markets, the product mix, and trade modes; enhance the quality of exports; increase imports of high-quality products; implement initiatives to integrate trade and investment; and build a modern logistics system.

18. Promote consumption in all respects. Strengthen the fundamental role of consumption in economic development, align with the trend of consumption upgrading, enhance traditional forms of consumption, foster new types of consumption, and appropriately increase public consumption. With a focus on quality and branding, steer consumption toward green, healthy, and safe practices, and encourage the development of new consumption models and business formats. Shift the management of consumer goods such as automobiles from purchase-based to usage-based regulation, and promote the healthy development of housing consumption. Improve the modern distribution system, develop contactless transaction services, reduce enterprises’ distribution costs, promote the integrated development of online and offline consumption, and open up urban and rural consumer markets. Develop service consumption and relax market access in service sectors. Refine the holiday system, implement the paid vacation system, and expand holiday-related consumption. Cultivate international consumer center cities. Enhance the consumption environment and strengthen consumer rights protection.

19. Expand investment space. Optimize the investment structure, maintain reasonable investment growth, and leverage the pivotal role of investment in optimizing the supply structure. Accelerate efforts to address shortcomings in areas such as infrastructure, municipal projects, agriculture and rural development, public safety, ecological and environmental protection, public health, material reserves, disaster prevention and mitigation, and social welfare; promote the upgrading of enterprise equipment and technological transformation; and expand investment in strategic emerging industries. Advance the construction of major projects in new infrastructure, new urbanization, transportation, and water conservancy, and support the development of major projects that foster coordinated development among urban and rural areas and among regions. Implement major projects such as the Sichuan–Tibet Railway, the New Western Land–Sea Corridor, the National Water Network, hydropower development on the lower reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River, interplanetary exploration, and the industrial application of the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System. At the same time, push forward the construction of a number of major projects that strengthen foundations, enhance functionality, and deliver long-term benefits, including major scientific research facilities, large-scale ecosystem conservation and restoration, public health emergency response and security, major water diversion and allocation projects, flood control and disaster reduction initiatives, power and gas transmission and distribution systems, and transportation networks along borders, riverbanks, and coastlines. Leverage the catalytic effect of government investment to stimulate private investment, thereby establishing a market-driven mechanism for endogenous investment growth.

VI. Deepen Reform Across the Board and Establish a High-Standard Socialist Market Economy

Uphold and improve the basic socialist economic system, give full play to the decisive role of the market in resource allocation, better leverage the role of the government, and promote the closer integration of an efficient market and a capable government.

20. Stimulate the vitality of all types of market entities. Unswervingly consolidate and develop the public sector, and unswervingly encourage, support, and guide the development of the non-public sector. Deepen reform of state-owned assets and state-owned enterprises, and strengthen, improve, and expand state capital and state-owned enterprises. Accelerate the optimization of the layout and structural adjustment of the state-owned economy, and give full play to its role as a strategic pillar. Speed up the improvement of the modern enterprise system with Chinese characteristics and deepen the mixed-ownership reform of state-owned enterprises. Improve the regulatory system for state-owned assets that is primarily focused on managing capital, and deepen the reform of state-capital investment and operation companies. Advance market-oriented reforms in the competitive segments of industries such as energy, railways, telecommunications, and public utilities. Optimize the development environment for the private sector, foster a relationship between government and business that is both close and clean, promote the healthy development of the non-public sector and the sound growth of individuals in the non-public sector, provide equal legal protection for the property rights of private enterprises and the rights and interests of entrepreneurs, remove all barriers that constrain the development of private enterprises, and improve the legal framework and policy system for promoting the development of small, medium, and micro enterprises as well as individual business households. Carry forward the spirit of entrepreneurship and accelerate the building of world-class enterprises.

21. Enhance macroeconomic governance. Establish a sound macroeconomic governance system that is strategically guided by the national development plan, relies primarily on fiscal and monetary policies, ensures close coordination among employment, industrial, investment, consumption, environmental protection, and regional policies, and features optimized objectives, rational division of responsibilities, and efficient synergy. Improve the mechanisms for formulating and implementing macroeconomic policies, attach great importance to expectation management, and enhance the scientific basis of macroeconomic regulation. Strengthen international coordination of macroeconomic policies, conduct cross-cycle policy design, bolster counter-cyclical adjustment capabilities, and promote overall economic balance, structural optimization, and internal–external equilibrium. Intensify the development of macroeconomic governance databases and other related infrastructure, and leverage modern technologies such as big data to enhance the capacity of data-driven governance. Advance the modernization of statistical systems.

22. Establish a modern fiscal, tax, and financial system. Strengthen the unified allocation of fiscal resources, enhance medium-term fiscal planning and management, and bolster financial support for major national strategic tasks. Deepen reform of the budgetary management system and reinforce macro-level guidance over budget formulation. Promote standardization of fiscal expenditures and strengthen budgetary discipline and performance management. Clearly delineate the respective powers and expenditure responsibilities of the central and local governments, improve the fiscal system below the provincial level, and enhance the capacity of grassroots governments to provide public services. Improve the modern tax system, develop a sound system of local taxes and direct taxes, optimize the tax structure by appropriately increasing the share of direct taxes, and deepen reform of the tax collection and administration system. Enhance the system for managing government debt. Build a modern central banking system, refine the mechanism for regulating the money supply, steadily advance research and development of digital currency, and improve the market-based mechanism for setting and transmitting interest rates. Establish institutional mechanisms that enable finance to effectively support the real economy, raise the level of financial technology, and enhance financial inclusion. Deepen reform of state-owned commercial banks, support the sustained and healthy development of small and medium-sized banks and rural credit cooperatives, and reform and optimize policy-based finance. Fully implement the registration-based system for stock issuance, establish a normalized delisting mechanism, and increase the share of direct financing. Advance two-way financial opening-up. Improve the modern financial regulatory system, enhance the transparency and rule-of-law orientation of financial regulation, refine the deposit insurance system, and strengthen the institutional framework for preventing, early-warning, handling, and holding accountable for financial risks, with zero tolerance for illegal and non-compliant conduct.

23. Build a high-standard market system. Improve the fundamental institutional framework of the market system, uphold equal access, impartial regulation, open and orderly operations, and integrity and lawfulness, and foster a unified domestic market that is efficient, well-regulated, and characterized by fair competition. Implement initiatives to build a high-standard market system. Enhance the system for law enforcement and judicial protection of property rights. Implement a unified negative list system for market access. Continue to ease market entry restrictions. Strengthen the mechanism for reviewing compliance with fair competition principles, intensify law enforcement and judicial efforts to combat monopoly and unfair competition, and enhance overall market regulatory capacity. Deepen reform of the land management system. Advance market-oriented reforms of factors such as land, labor, capital, technology, and data. Improve the operating mechanisms of factor markets and refine rules and service systems for factor transactions.

24. Accelerate the transformation of government functions. Build a governance system in which the responsibilities of government agencies are clearly defined and administration is conducted in accordance with the law. Deepen reforms to streamline administration, delegate power, improve regulation, and optimize services, and fully implement the system of lists detailing the powers and responsibilities of government agencies. Continuously optimize the business environment by making it more market-oriented, rule-of-law-based, and internationally aligned. Implement list-based management of business operation permits, strengthen ongoing and ex post supervision, and adopt a tolerant yet prudent regulatory approach toward new industries and new business forms. Improve the systems for ex ante assessment and ex post evaluation of major policies, ensure smooth channels for public participation in policy-making, and enhance the scientific, democratic, and law-based nature of decision-making. Promote standardization, regularization, and convenience in government services, and deepen government transparency. Further reform industry associations, chambers of commerce, and intermediary agencies.

VII. Prioritize the Development of Agriculture and Rural Areas and Comprehensively Advance Rural Revitalization

We will steadfastly regard addressing the “three rural issues” as the top priority of the Party’s work, follow the path of rural revitalization with Chinese characteristics, comprehensively implement the rural revitalization strategy, strengthen the approach of using industry to support agriculture and cities to drive rural development, foster a new type of relationship between industry and agriculture, between urban and rural areas, characterized by mutual promotion, complementary advantages, coordinated development, and shared prosperity, and accelerate the modernization of agriculture and rural areas.

25. Enhance the quality, efficiency, and competitiveness of agriculture. In line with the need to safeguard national economic and people’s livelihood priorities and with ensuring national food security as the bottom line, we will improve the system of agricultural support and protection. We will uphold the strictest possible system for protecting arable land, thoroughly implement the strategies of “storing grain in the land” and “storing grain in technology,” intensify the development of agricultural water conservancy infrastructure, carry out high-standard farmland construction projects, strengthen scientific and technological and equipment support for agriculture, raise the level of superior seed use in agriculture, improve the systems for animal disease prevention and control as well as for the prevention and control of crop pests and diseases, and develop smart agriculture. We will reinforce green-oriented practices, standard-led approaches, and quality-and-safety oversight, and establish demonstration zones for agricultural modernization. We will advance supply-side structural reform in agriculture, optimize the structure of agricultural production and regional distribution, strengthen the development of grain-production functional zones, key agricultural-product production protection zones, and zones with comparative advantages in specialty agricultural products, and promote the High-Quality Grain Project. We will refine the mechanism for compensating the interests of major grain-producing areas. We will ensure the secure supply of important agricultural products such as grain, cotton, oilseeds, sugar, and meat, and enhance our capacity for procurement, storage, and regulation. We will launch initiatives to reduce food waste. We will develop county-level economies, promote the integrated development of primary, secondary, and tertiary industries in rural areas, diversify rural economic activities, and expand opportunities for farmers to increase their incomes.

26. Implement the Rural Development Initiative. Place rural development at a prominent position in the drive toward socialist modernization. Strengthen the comprehensive service capabilities of county seats and transform townships into regional hubs that serve rural residents. Coordinate the planning and development of towns and villages within counties, and protect traditional villages and their rural landscapes. Improve rural infrastructure—including water supply, electricity, roads, gas, telecommunications, radio and television, and logistics—and enhance the quality of rural housing construction. Based on local conditions, advance the renovation of rural toilets, the treatment of household waste, and the management of rural sewage; carry out comprehensive remediation of river and lake systems; and improve the rural living environment. Raise farmers’ scientific and cultural literacy and promote the revitalization of talent in rural areas.

27. Deepen rural reform. Improve the mechanism for integrated urban–rural development, promote the equal exchange and two-way flow of factors between urban and rural areas, and enhance the vitality of agricultural and rural development. Implement the policy of extending the second round of land contracts by another thirty years upon their expiration; accelerate the cultivation of new agricultural business entities such as farmer cooperatives and family farms; improve the specialized and socialized agricultural service system; develop various forms of moderately scaled operations; and achieve an organic link between smallholder farmers and modern agriculture. Establish a unified urban–rural market for construction land, and actively explore and implement a system that allows collectively owned land for commercial purposes in rural areas to enter the market. Establish a mechanism for determining the public-interest nature of land expropriation and narrow the scope of land expropriation. Explore ways to separate ownership, qualification rights, and usage rights of residential land. Safeguard the land contract rights, residential land use rights, and rights to share in collective income of farmers who have settled in cities, and encourage lawful, voluntary, and compensated transfers of these rights. Deepen the reform of the rural collective property rights system and develop a new type of rural collective economy. Improve the rural financial services system and develop agricultural insurance.

28. Effectively align the consolidation and expansion of poverty-alleviation achievements with rural revitalization. Establish support mechanisms for low-income rural populations and less-developed areas, maintain overall stability in fiscal investment, and continue to advance development in formerly impoverished regions. Improve monitoring and assistance mechanisms to prevent relapse into poverty, ensure effective follow-up support for relocation-based poverty alleviation programs, strengthen the management and oversight of funds and assets related to poverty-alleviation projects, and promote the sustainable development of specialty industries. Enhance rural social security and assistance systems. In western regions, concentrate support on a number of key counties designated for priority assistance in rural revitalization among those that have emerged from poverty, thereby bolstering their capacity to consolidate poverty-alleviation gains and foster endogenous development. Uphold and improve mechanisms such as east–west collaboration, paired assistance, and the participation of social forces in poverty alleviation efforts.

VIII. Optimize the spatial layout of land and promote balanced regional development and new urbanization

We will steadfastly implement the major regional strategies, the strategy for balanced regional development, and the strategy for functional zoning; improve the institutional mechanisms for balanced regional development; refine the new urbanization strategy; and establish a spatial layout and supporting system for high-quality development.

29. Establish a new pattern for the development and protection of territorial space. Based on the carrying capacity of resources and the environment and leveraging the comparative advantages of different regions, we will gradually establish three major spatial patterns: urbanized areas, major agricultural production areas, and ecological function zones, while optimizing the layout of major infrastructure, key productive forces, and public resources. We will support urbanized areas in efficiently concentrating economic activity and population while protecting basic farmland and ecological spaces; support major agricultural production areas in enhancing their agricultural production capacity; and support ecological function zones in prioritizing ecological conservation and the provision of ecosystem services. At the same time, we will facilitate the gradual and orderly relocation of populations from ecological function zones, thereby forging a new pattern of territorial-space development and protection characterized by clearly defined primary functions, complementary strengths, and high-quality development.

30. Promote balanced regional development. Forge a new pattern in the large-scale development of the western region, achieve new breakthroughs in the revitalization of the northeast, accelerate the rise of the central region, and encourage the eastern region to step up its drive toward modernization. Support the accelerated development of old revolutionary base areas and ethnic minority areas, strengthen development in border regions, and advance initiatives to boost prosperity in border areas and ensure stability and security along the borders. Promote coordinated development among Beijing, Tianjin, and Hebei; develop the Yangtze Economic Belt; build the Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macau Greater Bay Area; and advance integrated development of the Yangtze River Delta, creating innovative platforms and new growth poles. Advance ecological conservation and high-quality development in the Yellow River Basin. Build the Xiong’an New Area to high standards and with high quality. Uphold integrated land–sea planning, develop the marine economy, and build China into a strong maritime nation. Improve mechanisms for strategic coordination across regions, market integration, inter-regional cooperation and mutual assistance, and compensation for inter-regional interests, so as to better promote common development between developed and underdeveloped regions, and among the eastern, central, western, and northeastern regions. Refine the transfer payment system, increase financial support for underdeveloped regions, and gradually achieve equal access to basic public services.

31. Promote a new type of urbanization that puts people at its core. Implement urban renewal initiatives, advance ecological restoration and functional improvement projects in cities, and coordinate urban planning, construction, and management. Reasonably determine city size, population density, and spatial structure to foster balanced development among large, medium, and small cities as well as small towns. Strengthen the protection of historical and cultural heritage and the shaping of urban character; intensify the renovation of old residential areas in towns and cities and community development; enhance urban flood prevention and drainage capacity; and build sponge cities and resilient cities. Raise the level of urban governance and strengthen risk prevention and control in the governance of megacities. Uphold the principle that housing is for living in, not for speculation; adopt a dual approach of renting and buying, tailor policies to local conditions, and promote the stable and healthy development of the real estate market. Effectively increase the supply of affordable housing, improve the mechanism for allocating land sale proceeds, explore ways to support the use of collectively owned construction land for the planned development of rental housing, refine policies on long-term rentals, and expand the supply of affordable rental housing. Deepen household registration system reform, improve the linkage between fiscal transfer payments and the scale of newly added urban construction land and the process of transforming rural migrants into urban residents, strengthen the provision of basic public services, and accelerate the urbanization of rural migrants. Optimize administrative division arrangements, leverage the leading role of central cities and urban agglomerations, and develop modern metropolitan circles. Advance the development of the Chengdu–Chongqing Twin-City Economic Circle. Promote urbanization with county seats as key platforms.

IX. Promote the thriving development of cultural undertakings and cultural industries, and enhance the country’s cultural soft power.

Uphold the guiding role of Marxism in the ideological sphere, strengthen cultural confidence, use socialist core values to steer cultural development, and enhance socialist spiritual civilization. Guided by the mission of holding high the banner, rallying public support, cultivating new generations, revitalizing culture, and projecting a positive image, we will promote the unity of meeting the people’s cultural needs and strengthening their spiritual strength, and advance the building of a strong socialist culture.

32. Enhance the level of social civility. Promote the development of ideologies, spiritual outlooks, civilizational norms, and codes of conduct that meet the requirements of the new era. Deeply advance study and education on Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, and push forward research and project construction in Marxist theory. Normalize and institutionalize education in ideals and convictions; strengthen education on the history of the Party, the history of the People’s Republic of China, the history of reform and opening-up, and the history of socialist development; reinforce education in patriotism, collectivism, and socialism; carry forward the great spirit forged by the Party and the people in their struggles throughout various historical periods; advance civic moral development; implement projects to foster civility; and expand the establishment of centers for practicing civility in the new era. Improve the volunteer service system and conduct extensive volunteer care initiatives. Promote a culture of integrity and advance integrity-building efforts. Advocate hard work and frugality, and carry out publicity and education campaigns themed on creating happiness through labor. Strengthen the building of families, family education, and family traditions. Enhance online civility and develop a positive and healthy online culture.

33. Enhancing the level of public cultural services. Promoting the all-round prosperity of journalism and publishing, radio, film and television, literature and art, and philosophy and the social sciences. Implementing a project to enhance the quality of literary and artistic works, strengthening the creation and production of works on contemporary themes, and continuously producing high-quality literary and artistic works that reflect the new spirit of the times and celebrate the people’s new achievements. Advancing the deep integration of media, implementing a full-media communication project, bolstering new-type mainstream media, and building and effectively utilizing county-level integrated media centers. Promoting the integrated development of urban and rural public cultural service systems, innovatively implementing projects to bring cultural benefits to the people, widely organizing mass cultural activities, and advancing the digital transformation of public cultural services. Strengthening the construction of major national cultural facilities and projects, including the National Library of Versions, the National Repository of Documents, and smart radio and television initiatives. Inheriting and promoting China’s fine traditional culture, strengthening the protection, research, and utilization of cultural relics and ancient books, reinforcing the systematic protection of important cultural and natural heritage as well as intangible cultural heritage, enhancing the protection and transmission of outstanding traditional handicrafts of all ethnic groups, and developing national cultural parks along the Great Wall, the Grand Canal, the Long March route, and the Yellow River. Widely carrying out mass fitness activities to improve the physical health of the people. Successfully organizing the Beijing Winter Olympics and Paralympics.

34. Develop a sound modern cultural industry system. Uphold the principle of prioritizing social benefits while achieving a coordinated balance between social and economic benefits; deepen reform of the cultural management system; refine cultural industry planning and policies; strengthen the development of the cultural market system; and expand the supply of high-quality cultural products. Implement a digitalization strategy for the cultural industry, and accelerate the development of new types of cultural enterprises, cultural business forms, and cultural consumption models. Standardize and develop cultural industry parks, and promote the construction of regional cultural industry belts. Advance the integrated development of culture and tourism, build a number of world-class tourist attractions and resort areas rich in cultural heritage, create a number of national-level tourist and leisure cities and districts with distinctive cultural characteristics, and develop red tourism and rural tourism. Taking the effective communication of China’s stories as the focal point, innovatively advance international communication, and strengthen cultural exchanges with other countries as well as multi-level dialogues among civilizations.

X. Promote Green Development and Foster Harmonious Coexistence Between Humanity and Nature

Uphold the principle that lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets; respect, conform to, and protect nature; prioritize conservation and ecological restoration while giving priority to resource conservation and protection; and safeguard the ecological safety boundary. Deeply implement the strategy of sustainable development, improve the coordinated mechanisms for ecological civilization, build an ecological civilization system, promote a comprehensive green transformation of economic and social development, and forge a modernization characterized by harmonious coexistence between humanity and nature.

35. Accelerate the promotion of green and low-carbon development. Strengthen territorial spatial planning and land-use control, implement spatial control boundaries for ecological conservation, basic farmland, urban development, and other purposes, and reduce the encroachment of human activities on natural spaces. Enhance legal and policy safeguards for green development, develop green finance, support innovation in green technologies, promote clean production, foster the environmental protection industry, and advance the green transformation of key industries and critical sectors. Promote the clean, low-carbon, safe, and efficient use of energy. Develop green buildings. Launch initiatives to promote a green lifestyle. Reduce carbon intensity, support regions that are well-positioned to reach peak carbon emissions ahead of others, and formulate an action plan for peaking carbon emissions by 2030.

36. Continuously improve environmental quality. Enhance public awareness of ecological and environmental protection across society, and wage a tough battle against pollution. Continue to implement pollution prevention and control initiatives, and establish an integrated system for ecological and environmental governance that coordinates above-ground and underground resources as well as land and marine environments. Strengthen the coordinated control of multiple pollutants and regional collaborative governance, enhance the joint control of fine particulate matter and ozone, and essentially eliminate severe pollution episodes. Improve living environments in both urban and rural areas by achieving full coverage of urban sewage networks and essentially eliminating black and odorous water bodies in cities. Promote the reduction of chemical fertilizer and pesticide use and the remediation of soil pollution, and intensify efforts to address white pollution. Strengthen the collection and treatment of hazardous waste and medical waste. Complete the relocation and upgrading of hazardous chemical production enterprises in key regions. Attach great importance to the management of emerging pollutants. Fully implement the pollutant discharge permit system and advance market-based trading of pollutant discharge rights, energy-use rights, water-use rights, and carbon emission rights. Improve the management of binding indicators for environmental protection and energy conservation and emissions reduction. Refine the central ecological and environmental inspection system. Actively participate in and lead international cooperation on ecological and environmental protection, including addressing climate change.

37. Enhance the quality and stability of ecosystems. Adhere to systematic governance of mountains, rivers, forests, farmlands, lakes, grasslands, and other ecological components, and establish a nature reserve system with national parks as the mainstay. Implement major projects for biodiversity conservation. Strengthen control over invasive alien species. Reinforce the river and lake chief system, intensify ecological protection and restoration of major rivers, lakes, and wetlands, and effectively enforce the ten-year fishing ban in the Yangtze River. Promote, on a scientific basis, comprehensive management of desertification, stony desertification, and soil erosion; launch large-scale land greening initiatives; and implement the forest chief system. Adopt measures to allow grasslands, forests, rivers, and lakes to rest and recover; strengthen protection of black soils; and improve the system of fallow and crop rotation for cultivated land. Enhance monitoring of the impacts of global climate change on China’s regions with low resilience, refine the regulatory systems for nature reserves and ecological conservation red lines, and conduct monitoring and evaluation of the effectiveness of ecosystem protection.

38. Comprehensively enhance resource-use efficiency. Improve the property-rights system and relevant laws and regulations for natural-resource assets; strengthen the survey, evaluation, monitoring, and rights confirmation and registration of natural resources; establish a mechanism for realizing the value of ecological products; refine market-based and diversified ecological compensation; and promote total-quantity management, scientific allocation, comprehensive conservation, and circular utilization of resources. Implement the National Water-Saving Initiative and establish a system of rigid constraints on water resources. Raise the level of development and protection of marine and mineral resources. Improve the mechanism for forming resource prices. Promote waste sorting, reduction, and resource recovery. Accelerate the establishment of a recycling system for waste materials.

XI. Pursue high-standard opening-up and forge a new landscape of win-win cooperation

We will steadfastly pursue broader in scope, wider in area, and deeper in level opening-up, leverage China’s vast market advantages to foster international cooperation, and achieve mutual benefit and win-win outcomes.

39. Build a new system of a higher-standard open economy. Comprehensively raise the level of opening-up, promote trade and investment liberalization and facilitation, advance innovative development of trade, and enhance the overall competitiveness of foreign trade. Improve the pre-establishment national treatment plus negative list regime for foreign investment access, steadily expand opening-up in the service sector, protect the legitimate rights and interests of foreign-invested enterprises in accordance with the law, and strengthen the legal, policy, and service systems that promote and safeguard overseas investment. Firmly safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of Chinese enterprises abroad, and achieve high-quality “bringing in” and high-level “going out.” Optimize the layout of free trade pilot zones, grant them greater autonomy in reform, steadily advance the development of the Hainan Free Trade Port, and build new high grounds for opening-up. Prudently and steadily promote the internationalization of the RMB, adhere to market-driven principles and enterprises’ independent choices, and foster a new type of mutually beneficial cooperative relationship based on the free use of the RMB. Fully leverage the role of important exhibition platforms such as the China International Import Expo.

40. Promote high-quality development of the Belt and Road Initiative. Adhere to the principles of extensive consultation, joint contribution, and shared benefits; uphold the concepts of green development, openness, and integrity; deepen practical cooperation; strengthen security safeguards; and foster common development. Advance infrastructure connectivity and expand cooperation in third-party markets. Build a mutually beneficial and win-win industrial and supply-chain cooperation framework, deepen international capacity cooperation, and expand two-way trade and investment. Uphold the principle that enterprises are the main actors and that market forces should guide such efforts, while adhering to international norms and the principle of debt sustainability, and improve a diversified financing and investment system. Promote alignment of strategies, plans, and mechanisms, and enhance connectivity in policies, rules, and standards. Deepen cooperation in public health, the digital economy, green development, and science and technology education, and facilitate people-to-people exchanges.

41. Actively participate in the reform of the global economic governance system. Uphold the principles of equal consultation and mutual benefit and win-win outcomes, and encourage the G20 and other forums to play their role in international economic cooperation. Safeguard the multilateral trading system, actively engage in the reform of the World Trade Organization, and promote the development of a more just and equitable global economic governance system. Actively participate in bilateral, multilateral, and regional investment and trade cooperation mechanisms, advance the formulation of economic governance rules in emerging fields, and enhance our capacity for participating in international financial governance. Implement the strategy for upgrading free-trade zones and build a high-standard network of free-trade zones that is globally oriented.

XII. Improving the Quality of People’s Lives and Raising the Level of Social Development

We will steadfastly take the realization, safeguarding, and development of the fundamental interests of the broadest masses of the people as the starting point and ultimate goal of development; do our utmost within our capabilities; improve the basic public service system; refine the social governance system of joint contribution, joint governance, and shared benefits; steadily advance common prosperity; continuously enhance the people’s sense of gain, happiness, and security; and promote well-rounded human development and all-round social progress.

42. Raise people’s income levels. Uphold the principle of distribution according to work as the mainstay, while allowing for a variety of other distribution methods; increase the share of labor compensation in primary distribution; improve the wage system and establish a sound mechanism for the rational growth of wages; focus on raising the incomes of low-income groups and expanding the middle-income group. Improve policies and institutions for distribution based on factors of production, and establish mechanisms whereby market forces determine the remuneration of all types of production factors; explore ways to increase factor-based incomes for low- and middle-income groups by granting them usage and profit rights over land, capital, and other factors. Increase property income for both urban and rural residents through multiple channels. Enhance the redistribution mechanism, strengthen the intensity and precision of adjustments through taxation, social security, transfer payments, and other means, appropriately regulate excessively high incomes, and eliminate illegal income. Leverage the role of tertiary distribution, develop charitable undertakings, and improve the pattern of income and wealth distribution.

43. Strengthen the policy of prioritizing employment. Make every possible effort to stabilize and expand employment, adhere to an employment-oriented approach to economic development, increase employment capacity, enhance employment quality, promote full employment, and safeguard workers’ remuneration and rights and interests. Improve the public employment service system, the mechanism for coordinating labor relations, and the system of lifelong vocational skills training. Place greater emphasis on alleviating structural employment imbalances, accelerate the enhancement of workers’ skills and competencies, refine the employment support system for key groups, and coordinate urban–rural employment policies. Expand placement in public-interest jobs and provide assistance to persons with disabilities and members of zero-employment households in securing employment. Improve the institutional framework that promotes entrepreneurship-driven employment and diversified, flexible forms of employment, support and regulate the development of new employment models, and strengthen mechanisms for surveying employment demand and monitoring and early-warning of unemployment.

44. Build a high-quality education system. Fully implement the Party’s educational policy, uphold the principle of fostering virtue and cultivating talent, strengthen teachers’ professional ethics and conduct, and cultivate well-rounded socialist builders and successors who excel in moral, intellectual, physical, aesthetic, and vocational development. Improve the coordinated mechanism for education involving schools, families, and society; enhance teachers’ competence in teaching and educating; strengthen students’ civic literacy, sense of social responsibility, and practical skills; and attach great importance to the physical health and mental well-being of young people. Adhere to the public-interest nature of education, deepen educational reform, promote educational equity, advance balanced development of compulsory education and integrated urban–rural development, improve mechanisms for providing universal preschool education as well as special and specialized education, and encourage diversified development of senior secondary schools. Increase investment in human capital, enhance the adaptability of vocational and technical education, deepen the integration of vocational and general education, the fusion of industry and education, and collaboration between schools and enterprises, explore an apprenticeship system with Chinese characteristics, and vigorously cultivate technical and skilled personnel. Raise the quality of higher education by building first-class universities and disciplines according to their respective categories and accelerating the training of urgently needed professionals in science, technology, engineering, agriculture, and medicine. Improve the quality and standard of education in ethnic minority areas and intensify efforts to promote the national standard language and script. Support and regulate the development of private education and standardize off-campus training institutions. Leverage the advantages of online education, improve the lifelong learning system, and build a learning-oriented society.

45. Improve the multi-tiered social security system. Develop a comprehensive, urban–rural coordinated, equitable, unified, and sustainable multi-tiered social security system that covers all citizens. Promote the seamless transfer and continuation of social security benefits, and refine the mechanisms for funding basic old-age pensions and basic medical insurance as well as for adjusting benefit levels. Achieve nationwide pooling of basic old-age pension funds and gradually raise the statutory retirement age in a phased manner. Develop a multi-tiered, multi-pillar old-age pension system. Advance provincial-level pooling of basic medical insurance, unemployment insurance, and work-related injury insurance; improve the systems for medical insurance and assistance for serious illnesses; implement out-of-province medical expense settlement; steadily establish a long-term care insurance system; and actively develop commercial medical insurance. Enhance the social security system for those in flexible employment. Strengthen the working mechanisms and保障 systems for veterans. Improve the tiered and categorized social assistance system. Uphold the fundamental national policy of gender equality and safeguard the lawful rights and interests of women and children. Enhance the care service systems and facilities for the elderly and persons with disabilities, and refine social welfare systems that provide support to persons with disabilities, orphans, and other vulnerable groups. Upgrade the nationally unified public service platform for social insurance.

46. Promote the comprehensive development of Healthy China. Place the protection of people’s health at a strategic priority, adhere to the principle of prevention first, thoroughly implement the Healthy China Initiative, improve national health promotion policies, and build a robust national public health safety net to provide all-round, life-cycle health services for the people. Reform the disease prevention and control system, strengthening its functions in surveillance and early warning, risk assessment, epidemiological investigation, laboratory testing, and emergency response. Establish a stable funding mechanism for public health programs, strengthen talent development, improve basic conditions for disease control and prevention, refine public health service offerings, and reinforce the primary-level public health system. Ensure that medical institutions fulfill their public health responsibilities and innovate mechanisms for collaboration between medical care and disease prevention. Improve the monitoring, early warning, and response mechanisms for public health emergencies; strengthen the systems for medical treatment, scientific and technological support, and material supply; and enhance our capacity to respond to such emergencies. Uphold the public-service nature of basic medical and health care, deepen reform of the medical and health care system, accelerate the expansion of high-quality medical resources and their balanced distribution across regions, expedite the development of a tiered diagnosis and treatment system, strengthen the construction, management, and performance evaluation of public hospitals, advance the reform of nationally organized centralized procurement and use of drugs and medical consumables, and develop high-end medical equipment. Support privately run medical institutions and promote telemedicine. Give equal emphasis to traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine, and vigorously develop the cause of traditional Chinese medicine. Enhance the quality of health education, chronic disease management, and disability rehabilitation services, and attach great importance to mental health and psychological well-being. Conduct in-depth patriotic health campaigns to encourage the entire population to adopt civilized and healthy lifestyles. Improve the public service system for mass fitness. Accelerate the development of the health industry.

47. Implement the national strategy for proactively addressing population aging. Formulate a long-term population development strategy, optimize fertility policies, enhance the inclusiveness of these policies, improve services for healthy pregnancy and child-rearing, develop an inclusive childcare service system, reduce the costs of childbirth, child-rearing, and education, promote balanced long-term population development, and raise the overall quality of the population. Actively tap into the human resources of older adults and develop the silver economy. Promote coordinated development between elderly care services and the elderly care industry, improve the basic elderly care service system, expand inclusive and mutual-aid elderly care services, support families in fulfilling their role in providing care for older adults, foster new forms of elderly care businesses, and establish an elderly care service system that integrates home-based, community-based, and institutional care and combines medical care, elderly care, and health preservation. In addition, we will strengthen the comprehensive regulatory system for elderly care services.

48. Strengthen and innovate social governance. Improve the social governance system, refine the grassroots governance framework in both urban and rural areas that is led by Party organizations and integrates self-governance, rule of law, and moral governance, and enhance the system of grassroots democratic consultation. Foster positive interaction between government governance, social regulation, and resident self-governance, and build a community of social governance in which everyone shares responsibility, fulfills their duties, and enjoys the benefits. Give full play to the roles of mass organizations and social organizations in social governance, and ensure smooth and standardized channels for market entities, new social groups, social workers, volunteers, and other stakeholders to participate in social governance. Shift the focus of social governance downward to the grassroots level, delegate more authority and empower grassroots units, strengthen the construction of community governance and service systems in both urban and rural areas, reduce the burden on grassroots organizations—especially village-level organizations—strengthen the development of grassroots social governance teams, and establish a grassroots management and service platform characterized by grid-based management, refined services, information technology support, and open, shared access. Strengthen and innovate social governance at the city level, and advance the modernization of social governance within cities.

XIII. Coordinating Development and Security to Build a China That Is Even Safer

Uphold the holistic approach to national security, implement the national security strategy, safeguard and shape national security, coordinate traditional and non-traditional security challenges, integrate security considerations into all areas and the entire process of national development, guard against and defuse various risks that could impede China’s modernization, and build a robust national security barrier.

49. Strengthen the national security system and capacity-building. Improve the centralized, unified, efficient, and authoritative national security leadership system; refine the legal, strategic, policy, talent, and operational mechanisms for national security; and enhance legislation, institutional frameworks, and policies in key areas of national security. Strengthen the systems for national security review and oversight, and reinforce law enforcement in the field of national security. Intensify publicity and education on national security to raise public awareness and consolidate the people’s defense line for national security. Firmly safeguard the security of the state regime, the socialist system, and ideological security, and comprehensively strengthen the cybersecurity assurance system and capacity-building. Strictly guard against and severely crack down on infiltration, sabotage, subversion, and secessionist activities by hostile forces.

50. Ensure national economic security. Strengthen the early-warning, prevention, and control mechanisms and capacity-building for economic security risks, and ensure that critical areas—including key industries, infrastructure, strategic resources, and major scientific and technological innovations—are secure and under effective control. Implement initiatives to conduct surveys and assessments of industrial competitiveness to enhance the resilience of the industrial system against shocks. Safeguard food security and ensure the security of energy supplies and strategic mineral resources. Protect the security of vital infrastructure such as water conservancy, power, water supply, oil and gas, transportation, communications, cyberspace, and finance, and improve the intensive and secure utilization of water resources. Uphold financial security and firmly hold the bottom line of preventing systemic risk. Ensure ecological security, strengthen nuclear safety regulation, and safeguard security in emerging domains. Establish a system for protecting overseas interests and for early warning and prevention of risks.

51. Safeguarding the safety of people’s lives. Upholding the principle that the people come first and life is paramount, we will place the protection of people’s lives at the forefront and comprehensively enhance our capacity to ensure public safety. We will improve and implement the accountability system for work safety, strengthen oversight and law enforcement in this area, and effectively curb serious and extremely serious accidents involving hazardous chemicals, mining, construction, transportation, and other sectors. We will reinforce biosecurity safeguards and raise the level of safety assurance for products and services related to people’s health, such as food and pharmaceuticals. We will upgrade standards for disaster-prevention infrastructure against floods, droughts, forest and grassland fires, geological disasters, earthquakes, and other natural hazards; accelerate the construction of key control projects on major rivers; expedite the inspection, reinforcement, and remediation of dilapidated and unsafe reservoirs; and comprehensively advance the development of embankments and flood-storage areas. We will refine the national emergency-management system, strengthen the emergency-supply guarantee system, develop catastrophe insurance, and enhance our capabilities in disaster prevention, mitigation, response, and relief.

52. Safeguard social stability and security. Properly handle internal conflicts among the people in the new context, uphold and develop the “Fengqiao Experience” for the new era, ensure smooth and standardized channels for the public to express their demands, coordinate interests, and protect their rights and interests, improve the system of handling letters and visits from the public, refine the coordinated mechanism for various forms of mediation, and establish a comprehensive mechanism for the governance of social conflicts that emphasizes prevention at the source, identification and sorting, dispute resolution, and emergency response. Enhance the social psychological service system and crisis intervention mechanisms. Adhere to the combination of specialized and mass efforts and to community-based prevention and governance, strengthen the construction of the social security prevention and control system, resolutely prevent and crack down on violent terrorism, organized crime and local mafia-like gangs, emerging cybercrime, and transnational crime, and maintain social harmony and stability.

XIV. Accelerate the modernization of national defense and the armed forces, and achieve the unity of a prosperous country and a strong military.

We will fully implement Xi Jinping’s Thought on Strengthening the Military and the military strategic guidelines for the new era, uphold the Party’s absolute leadership over the People’s Armed Forces, and adhere to the principles of building the military through political work, reform, science and technology, talent development, and law-based governance. We will accelerate the integrated development of mechanization, informatization, and intelligentization, comprehensively strengthen training and combat readiness, enhance our strategic capability to safeguard national sovereignty, security, and development interests, and ensure that the centenary goals for the founding of the People’s Liberation Army are achieved by 2027.

53. Enhance the quality and effectiveness of the modernization of national defense and the armed forces. Accelerate the modernization of military theory, innovating war-fighting and strategic guidance in keeping with the times, improving the military strategy system for the new era, and developing advanced operational doctrines. Speed up the modernization of the armed forces’ organizational structure, deepen reform of national defense and the armed forces, advance a revolution in military management, accelerate the transformation and development of the services and the People’s Armed Police Force, strengthen strategic forces and new-domain, new-quality combat forces, build a high-level strategic deterrence and joint operations system, and enhance joint training, joint support, and joint employment of military forces. Accelerate the modernization of military personnel by implementing the guiding principles for military education in the new era, improving the integrated, three-pronged new-type military talent-development system, and forging a contingent of high-caliber, professional military personnel. Accelerate the modernization of weapons and equipment by concentrating on independent and original innovation in defense-related science and technology, speeding up the development of strategic, cutting-edge, and disruptive technologies, and accelerating the upgrading and replacement of weapons and equipment as well as the development of intelligent weapon systems.

54. Promote the synchronized enhancement of national defense capabilities and economic strength. In coordination with the country’s modernization drive, we will conduct sound strategic planning, deepen the sharing of resources and factors, strengthen policy and institutional coordination, and build an integrated national strategic system and capability. We will advance coordinated development in key regions, priority areas, and emerging fields, and concentrate resources on implementing major projects in the defense sector. We will optimize the layout of the defense-related science, technology, and industrial sectors and accelerate the standardization and generalization of equipment and technologies. We will improve the national defense mobilization system, refine mechanisms for strengthening border defenses and safeguarding national security, enhance nationwide defense education, and consolidate unity between the military and local authorities as well as between the military and the people.

XV. The entire Party and all the people of all ethnic groups in the country should unite and strive to achieve the goals set forth in the 14th Five-Year Plan and the long-range objectives for 2035.

To achieve the goals set forth in the 14th Five-Year Plan and the long-range objectives for 2035, we must uphold the Party’s overall leadership, fully mobilize all positive factors, broadly unite all forces that can be united, and forge a powerful synergy to drive development.

55. Strengthen the centralized and unified leadership of the Party Central Committee. Uphold the Party’s requirement of setting the direction, planning the overall situation, formulating policies, and promoting reform; promote in-depth study and implementation throughout the Party of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era; enhance the “four consciousnesses,” fortify the “four confidences,” and ensure the “two safeguards”; improve the organizational system that ensures seamless communication and effective execution from top to bottom; and ensure the effective implementation of the decisions and arrangements of the Party Central Committee. Implement the principal responsibility and supervisory responsibility for exercising full and rigorous self-governance, and raise the quality of Party building. Thoroughly summarize, study, and apply the invaluable experience accumulated by the Communist Party of China over its centenary; educate and guide all Party members and cadres to uphold the lofty ideal of communism and the common ideal of socialism with Chinese characteristics, remain true to our original aspiration and keep our mission firmly in mind, and strive unremittingly for the cause of the Party and the people. Fully implement the Party’s organizational line for the new era, strengthen the development of the cadre contingent, rigorously enforce the criteria for selecting good cadres, and enhance the ability of leading bodies and cadres at all levels to adapt to the new requirements of the new era in advancing reform, promoting development, and safeguarding stability, as well as their professional competence. Strengthen incentives and protections for cadres who dare to take responsibility and perform effectively, and use sound personnel practices to guide a culture of dedication and entrepreneurship. Improve the talent-development system and cultivate a large number of high-caliber personnel who possess both moral integrity and outstanding ability. Maintain a strict tone as the overarching principle over the long term, and continuously enhance the Party’s capacity for self-purification, self-improvement, self-renewal, and self-enhancement. Unswervingly implement the spirit of the CPC Central Committee’s Eight-Point Decision on Improving Conduct, persistently combat formalism and bureaucratism, and effectively reduce the burden on grassroots-level organizations. Improve the Party and state oversight system, strengthen political oversight, and reinforce checks and supervision over the exercise of public power. Adhere to the principles of no forbidden zones, full coverage, and zero tolerance; advance in a coordinated way efforts to deter corruption, prevent corruption, and foster an aversion to corruption; and foster a clean and upright political environment.

56. Advance socialist political development. Uphold the organic unity of Party leadership, the people being the masters of the country, and law-based governance, and promote the self-improvement and development of the socialist political system with Chinese characteristics. Uphold and improve the system of people’s congresses, strengthen the oversight exercised by people’s congresses over the State Council, the National Supervisory Commission, the Supreme People’s Court, and the Supreme People’s Procuratorate, and ensure that the people, in accordance with the law, manage state affairs, economic and cultural undertakings, and social affairs through various channels and forms. Uphold and improve the system of multi-party cooperation and political consultation under the leadership of the Communist Party of China, strengthen the building of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference as a specialized consultative body, give full play to the unique strengths of socialist consultative democracy, and raise the level of offering advice and suggestions for policy-making and building consensus. Uphold and improve the system of regional ethnic autonomy, fully implement the Party’s policies on ethnic affairs, forge a strong sense of community of the Chinese nation, and promote the common struggle and common prosperity and development of all ethnic groups. Fully implement the Party’s basic principles on religious work and actively guide religions to adapt to socialist society. Improve the system of grassroots mass self-governance and enhance the effectiveness of mass self-management, self-service, self-education, and self-supervision. Give full play to the roles of people’s organizations such as trade unions, the Communist Youth League, and the All-China Women’s Federation, and closely unite the masses they serve around the Party. Improve the overall framework for united front work, promote harmony in relations among political parties, ethnic groups, religions, social classes, and compatriots at home and abroad, and consolidate and develop the situation of great unity and broad solidarity. Fully implement the Party’s policies on overseas Chinese affairs, rally the hearts of overseas Chinese, and serve the overall national interest. Adhere to the integrated development of a law-based state, a law-based government, and a law-based society; improve the socialist legal system with Chinese characteristics centered on the Constitution; strengthen legislation in key areas, emerging fields, and areas involving foreign affairs; raise the level of law-based administration; improve the mechanisms for the exercise and oversight of supervisory, judicial, and procuratorial powers; promote judicial fairness; conduct in-depth publicity and education on the rule of law; effectively leverage the rule of law’s role in consolidating fundamentals, stabilizing expectations, and delivering long-term benefits; and advance the building of a law-based China. Promote the all-round development of the cause of human rights.

57. Ensure the long-term prosperity and stability of Hong Kong and Macao. Fully and accurately implement the principles of “one country, two systems,” “Hong Kong people governing Hong Kong,” “Macao people governing Macao,” and a high degree of autonomy; uphold the rule of law in the governance of Hong Kong and Macao; safeguard the constitutional order of the two regions as defined by the Constitution and the Basic Laws; ensure the central government’s overall jurisdiction over the two regions; enforce the legal framework and implementation mechanisms for safeguarding national security in the two regions; and uphold China’s sovereignty, security, development interests, and the overall social stability of the two regions. Support the two regions in consolidating and enhancing their competitive advantages, building themselves into international centers for innovation and technology, developing into functional platforms for the Belt and Road Initiative, and achieving diversified and sustainable economic development. Support Hong Kong and Macao in better integrating into the overall national development strategy, in high-quality development of the Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area, and in improving policies and measures that facilitate the development of Hong Kong and Macao residents on the mainland. Strengthen the sense of national identity and patriotic spirit among compatriots in Hong Kong and Macao. Support Hong Kong and Macao in conducting exchanges and cooperation with all countries and regions. Resolutely guard against and deter external forces from interfering in Hong Kong and Macao affairs.

58. Promote the peaceful development of cross-Strait relations and the reunification of the motherland. Uphold the One-China principle and the 1992 Consensus, take the well-being of compatriots on both sides of the Strait as the guiding principle, and advance the peaceful and integrated development of cross-Strait relations. Strengthen industrial cooperation across the Strait, work to establish a common market for both sides, bolster the Chinese national economy, and jointly promote Chinese culture. Improve systems and policies that safeguard the well-being of Taiwan compatriots and ensure they enjoy equal treatment on the mainland; support Taiwanese businesses and enterprises in participating in the Belt and Road Initiative and the national strategy for regional coordinated development; support eligible Taiwan-invested enterprises in listing on the mainland; and encourage Fujian to explore new pathways for integrated development between the two sides of the Strait. Enhance grassroots and youth exchanges across the Strait. Remain highly vigilant against and firmly curb “Taiwan independence” separatist activities.

59. Actively foster a favorable external environment. Uphold the banner of peace, development, cooperation, and mutual benefit; adhere to an independent foreign policy of peace; advance diplomatic engagement across all fields and at all levels; and promote the building of a new type of international relations and a community with a shared future for mankind. Strengthen coordination and cooperation among major countries, deepen relations with neighboring countries, enhance solidarity and cooperation with other developing countries, and actively develop global partnerships. Uphold multilateralism and the principle of extensive consultation, joint contribution, and shared benefits; actively participate in the reform and development of the global governance system; strengthen the rule-of-law framework for foreign-related affairs; enhance the application of international law; safeguard the international system centered on the United Nations and the international order based on international law; and jointly address global challenges. Actively engage in international cooperation on the prevention and control of major infectious diseases and promote the building of a community of health for all.

60. Improve the mechanisms for formulating and implementing plans. In accordance with the spirit of this plenary session, we will formulate the national and local 14th Five-Year Plan outlines and special plans, thereby establishing a national planning system that is accurately positioned, clearly delineated in scope, mutually complementary in function, and uniformly coordinated. We will also improve the mechanisms for policy coordination and inter-agency collaboration, refine the monitoring and evaluation mechanisms for plan implementation, and ensure that the CPC Central Committee’s decisions and arrangements for development during the 14th Five-Year Plan period are effectively put into practice.

Realizing the goals set forth in the 14th Five-Year Plan and the Vision for 2035 is of great significance, entails arduous tasks, and holds bright prospects. All Party members and all Chinese people of every ethnic group must rally closely around the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, work with one heart and one mind, strive tenaciously, and secure new victories in the comprehensive building of a modern socialist country!